Thyroid disorders are among the most common endocrine conditions, affecting millions of people worldwide. In India alone, an estimated 42 million individuals suffer from various thyroid problems. These disorders can significantly impact quality of life, causing symptoms such as persistent fatigue, unexplained weight changes, hair thinning, dry skin, mood swings, and even menstrual irregularities.
Despite being common, thyroid issues often go undiagnosed due to their subtle, overlapping symptoms. In this blog, we will explore various types of thyroid problems, including hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, goitre, and thyroid nodules, along with their causes, symptoms, and safe and effective management strategies for improved long-term health.
What are the Types of Thyroid disorders?
Here are the main types of thyroid disorders, which can affect the function, structure, or overall health of the thyroid gland:
- Primary Hypothyroidisms the most common form of hypothyroidism, where the thyroid gland itself is underactive, usually due to autoimmune diseases (like Hashimoto's thyroiditis) or iodine deficiency. Symptoms include fatigue, weight gain, and depression.
- Secondary Hypothyroidismype occurs when the pituitary gland fails to produce enough thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), making low thyroid hormone. It can cause symptoms like low energy, dry skin, and hair loss.
- Tertiary Hypothyroidisms case, the hypothalamus doesn't release enough thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), which affects thyroid hormone production. It is rare and presents symptoms similar to primary hypothyroidism.
- Hyperthyroidismhyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland is overactive & produces too much thyroid hormone. It can lead to symptoms like weight loss, rapid heartbeat, anxiety, and excessive sweating. Common causes include Graves' disease or thyroid nodules.
- Subclinical Hypothyroidisms milder form, thyroid hormone levels are slightly low, but the patient may not experience significant symptoms. However, it can still lead to long-term health issues if not managed, and early detection is key.
Insights from a global study
According to the International Journal of Medical and Health Research, thyroid conditions, including hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, affect millions. The National Family Health Survey (NFHS) V (2019-2021) reported a 2.9% prevalence of goitre or thyroid disorders.
What Causes Thyroid Disorders?
Thyroid disorders can stem from a variety of underlying issues, often linked to hormonal imbalances, immune dysfunction, or nutritional deficiencies. Here are some of the most common causes:
- Autoimmune diseases like Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (hypothyroidism) and Graves’ disease (hyperthyroidism)
- Iodine deficiency or excess, affecting hormone production
- Stress and lifestyle factors that disrupt hormonal balance
- Pituitary or hypothalamic disorders (secondary or tertiary hypothyroidism)
- Nodules or tumors that alter thyroid function
- Certain medications that impact thyroid hormone levels
- Genetics, especially if thyroid issues run in the family
Common Symptoms of Thyroid Disorders
Thyroid disorders can cause a wide range of symptoms depending on whether the thyroid is underactive (hypothyroidism) or overactive (hyperthyroidism). Here are some signs to look out for:
Hypothyroidism Symptoms:
- Persistent fatigue
- Weight gain
- Depression or low mood
- Dry skin and brittle hair
- Slow heart rate
- Constipation
- Irregular or heavy menstrual cycles
Hyperthyroidism Symptoms:
- Unexplained weight loss
- Anxiety or irritability
- Rapid heartbeat or palpitations
- Excessive sweating
- Tremors (shaky hands)
- Heat intolerance
- Frequent bowel movements
Dr Batra’s® pro tip:
Don’t ignore subtle signs thyroid disorders often go unnoticed until they disrupt your daily life.
When Should You Consult a Doctor?
You should consider consulting a doctor if you experience:
- Constant fatigue or low energy
- Unexplained weight gain or loss
- Anxiety, mood swings, or depression
- Irregular periods or fertility issues
- Hair thinning or dry, flaky skin
Medically reviewed by
